Said calls for Arafat's resignation

To: Retort


The Desertion of Arafat
Edward Said
New Left Review
Sept/Oct 2001



Israeli pressure on Palestinians was stepped up even further in the days
following the dreadful events of September 11th. Predawn raids were launched
on the West Bank towns of Jenin, Jericho and Ramallah, destroying security
outposts, government buildings and family homes. In the Beituniya district
of Ramallah, shells hit a coffee shop, a mosque and a kindergarten-all
perfectly acceptable 'collateral damage', and scarcely worth a mention in
the Western media. Such Israeli aggression has, after all, been the norm for
nearly a year now. Over 600 Palestinians have been killed since the Al-Aqsa
Intifada began-four times the number of Israeli deaths; and 15,000
wounded-twelve times more than on the other side. Regular IDF assassinations
have picked off alleged terrorists at will, most of the time killing
innocents like so many flies. In August, fourteen Palestinians were openly
murdered by Israeli troops using helicopter gunships and missiles, to
'prevent' them killing Israelis, although at least two children and five
bystanders were also slaughtered, to say nothing of many wounded civilians.

Equipped with the latest in American-donated fighter-bombers, helicopter
gunships, uncountable tanks and missiles, a superb navy and a
state-of-the-art intelligence service, not to speak of its own nuclear
weapons, Israel has been grinding down a dispossessed people without any
armour or artillery, no air force-its one pathetic airfield in Gaza is
controlled by Israel-army or navy, or any of the protective institutions of
a modern state. Israel's cruel confinement of 1.3 million people in the Gaza
Strip, jammed like so many human sardines into a tiny pale surrounded by a
barbed-wire fence, and of nearly two million in the West Bank-all of whose
entrances and exits are controlled by the IDF-has few parallels in the
annals of colonialism. Even under apartheid, F-16 jets were never used to
bomb African homelands, as they are now sent against Palestinian towns and
villages.

Behind this ruthless military pounding lies a longer-term logic. The
destruction of Palestinian society which began in 1948, with the expulsion
of 68 per cent of its native inhabitants-of whom 4.5 million remain refugees
today-has continued through the thirty-four years of occupation since 1967.
Decades of daily pressure on a people whose main sin is that they happen to
be there, in Israel's way, have sought to make life impossible for
Palestinians, forcing them to give up any resistance, or to leave-as 150,000
have done for Jordan since last year. Community leaders have been jailed and
deported by the occupation regime, small businesses crippled by
confiscation, farms subject to demolition, universities closed down,
students barred from classrooms. No Palestinian farmer or entrepreneur can
export their goods directly to any Arab country-their products must pass
through Israel, just as taxes are paid to Israel. In a word, the aim has
been, as the American researcher Sara Roy has named it, to de-develop
Palestinian society.

Today, divided into about 63 non-contiguous cantons, punctuated by 140
Jewish settlements with their own road network banned to Arabs, Palestinians
have been reduced to mass unemployment-60 per cent are jobless-and penury.
Half the population of Gaza and the West Bank live on less than $2 a day.
They cannot travel freely from one place to the next within the occupied
territories but must endure long lines at Israeli checkpoints, which
regularly detain and humiliate the elderly, the sick, the student and the
cleric for hours on end. Some 150,000 of their olive and citrus trees have
been punitively uprooted; 2,000 of their houses demolished; wide swathes of
their land either expropriated for the implantation of more settlers-there
are currently about 400,000-or destroyed for military purposes.

As for the Oslo 'peace process' that began in 1993, it has simply
re-packaged the occupation, offering a token 18 per cent of the lands seized
in 1967 to the corrupt Vichy-like Authority of Arafat, whose mandate has
essentially been to police and tax his people on Israel's behalf. After
eight fruitless, immiserating years of further 'negotiations', orchestrated
by a team of US functionaries which has included such former lobby staffers
for Israel as Martin Indyk and Dennis Ross, more abuses, more settlements,
more imprisonments, more suffering have been inflicted on the
Palestinians-including, since August 2001, a 'Judaized' East Jerusalem, with
Orient House grabbed and its contents carted off: invaluable records, land
deeds, maps, which Israel has simply stolen, as it did PLO archives from
Beirut in 1982. Such has been the upshot to date of Ariel Sharon's
gratuitously arrogant visit to Jerusalem's Haram Al-Sharif on 28 September
2000, surrounded by 1,000 soldiers and guards supplied by Ehud Barak-an
action unanimously condemned even by the Security Council. Within a few
hours, as the merest child could have predicted, anti-colonial rebellion
broke out-with eight Palestinians shot dead as its first victims.

Sharon's 'restraint'

A few months later Sharon was swept to power essentially to 'subdue' the
Palestinians-to teach them a lesson, or get rid of them. His record as an
Arab-killer goes back 30 years, before the Sabra and Shatila massacres that
his forces supervised in 1982, and for which he has now been indicted in a
Belgian court. But he is no fool. With every Palestinian act of resistance,
his forces ratchet up the pressure a notch higher, tightening the siege,
taking more land, cutting off further supplies, launching deeper incursions
into Palestinian towns like Jenin and Ramallah, making life more intolerable
for the victims of the occupation-while with each turn of the ratchet, his
propaganda machine explains that Israel is merely 'defending' itself,
'securing' areas and 're-establishing control', with the sole aim of
'preventing terrorism'. Sharon and his minions even attack Arafat as an
'arch-terrorist', although he literally cannot move without Israeli
permission, in the same breath that they explain 'we' have no quarrel with
the Palestinian people. What a boon for that people! With such 'restraint',
why should a full-scale invasion, carefully bruited about to intimidate the
Palestinians, be necessary?

In the United States, where Israel has its main political base and from
which it has received over $92 billion in aid since 1967, Palestinian
victims remain nameless and faceless, barely rating a mention on national
news programmes. Matters are different with the Jewish dead. The terrible
human cost of the suicide bombings in Haifa or Jerusalem settled quickly
into a familiar explanatory framework. Arafat hadn't done enough to control
his terrorists; their hatred threatens incalculable harm to 'us' and our
strongest ally; Israel must firmly defend its security. Thoughtful observers
will add: these people have been fighting tiresomely for thousands of years
anyway; there has been too much suffering on both sides, and the violence
must be stopped; although the way Palestinians send their children into
battle is yet another sign of how much Israel has to put up with. So,
exasperated but still restrained, Israel invaded unfortified Jenin with
bulldozers and tanks. In America, Israel has so far won the public relations
war that it might seem scarcely necessary for it to put several more million
dollars into a media campaign-using 'stars' like Zubin Mehta, Itzhak Perlman
and Amos Oz-to further improve its image.

A major debate on American television this August between Palestinian
Authority minister Nabil Shaath and the new Labour leader Avraham Burg,
Speaker of the Knesset, confirmed the pattern-and demonstrated, yet again,
the inability of the Authority and its spokesmen and women to speak up for
the Palestinian people. Burg could smugly enunciate one brazen falsehood
after another: that Israel has always wanted peace; that Israel is striving
to remain calm while Palestinian terrorists-encouraged by the Authority and
Arafat, who controls everything-threaten Israeli children with brutal
murder; that, as a democrat and peace lover, he was concerned there was no
real Palestinian peace camp; that the only difference between Shaath and
himself was that he, Burg, was able to exert a restraining influence on
Sharon while Shaath could exercise none on Arafat. All making the point, in
classic propaganda style-a lie will be believed if it is repeated often
enough-that it is Israel that is victimized by the Palestinians. Shaath
could only respond with cringing servility to this farrago of lies,
plaintively repeating that the Palestinians also want peace; that they long
for the return of Oslo; that they are trying to be restrained; that they
treat as scripture the AIPAC-sponsored Mitchell Report (whose main authors,
Warren Rudman and Mitchell himself, were among the highest paid members of
the Israeli lobby during their Senate careers).

Given the precious opportunity to deal with a sanctimonious thug like Burg,
why is it that spokespeople like Shaath, Abed Rabbo, Erekat, Ashrawi and
rest are not capable of simply reminding him that Israel is daily indulging
in war crimes? Of pointing out the fact that literally millions of people
are unable to travel, to buy food, to get health care? That hundreds of
people have been killed, thousands of houses demolished, tens of thousands
of trees uprooted, vast acres of land confiscated, that settlements
continue-and all this during a 'peace process'? Could they not once speak as
human beings, rather than third-rate imitations of Kissinger and Rabin? Even
a normally reliable spokesman like Ghassan Khatib seems to have been
infected with the virus. Of course it is necessary to respond to questions
about truces, agreements and so forth; but are these people so remote from
the daily horror of Palestinian life that they cannot even mention it? The
reply to questions about the Mitchell Report or the Powell visit has to make
the basic point: so long as there is a military occupation of Palestine by
Israel, there can never be peace. The overwhelming majority of the
violence-tanks, planes, missiles, checkpoints, settlements, soldiers-comes
from the Israeli side.

Arafat's derelictions

Yet as the Israeli noose tightens around the Palestinians, Arafat is still
hoping that the Americans will rescue him and his crumbling regime. Now more
than ever, he and his coterie continue to beg for American protection. The
Palestinian people deserve better. We have to say clearly that with Arafat
and company in command, there is no hope. What kind of a leader is this, who
has spent the last year grotesquely fetching up in the Vatican and Lagos and
other miscellaneous places, pleading without dignity or even intelligence
for imaginary observers, Arab aid, international support, instead of staying
with his people, and trying to aid them with medical supplies, practical
organization and real leadership? What the Palestinians need are leaders who
are really with and of their people, who are actually doing the resisting on
the ground, not fat cigar-chomping bureaucrats bent on preserving their
business deals and renewing their VIP passes, who have lost all trace of
decency or credibility.

Arafat is finished. Why don't we admit that he can neither lead, nor plan,
nor take a single step that makes any difference except to him and his Oslo
cronies who have benefited materially from their people's misery? All the
polls show that his presence blocks whatever forward movement might be
possible. We need a united leadership capable of thinking, planning and
taking decisions, rather than grovelling before the Pope or George Bush
while the Israelis kill his people with impunity. True leaders of a
resistance movement respond to popular needs, reflect the realities on the
ground, and expose themselves to the same dangers and difficulties as
everyone else. The struggle for liberation from Israeli occupation is where
every Palestinian worth anything now stands. Oslo cannot be warmed over or
resuscitated as Arafat and company would like. What is required now are mass
actions designed to press on with resistance and liberation, rather than
confusing people with talk of a return to Oslo-who can believe the folly of
that idea?-or the stupid Mitchell Plan.

What of Israel, stuck in a futureless campaign, flailing about mercilessly?
As the Irish poet and critic, James Cousins, said in 1925: any colonial
power will be in the grip of 'false and selfish preoccupations that stand in
the way of its attention to the natural evolution of its own national
genius, and pull[ed] from the path of open rectitude into the twisted byways
of dishonest thought, speech and action, in the artificial defence of a
false position.' All colonisers have gone that way, learning or stopping at
nothing, until at last-as Israel turned tail from its twenty-two year
occupation of Southern Lebanon-they exit the territory, leaving behind an
exhausted and crippled people. If the Zionist enterprise was supposed to
fulfil Jewish aspirations, why did it require so many new victims from
another people who had nothing to do with Jewish exile and persecution in
the first place?

Behind the braggadocio and savagery of Sharon's government, Israeli
self-confidence has been falling. True believers in Zionism in the original
sense seem to be fewer and fewer. An authoritative Israeli observer has
summed up the current scene: 'Zionism has become no more than an affair of
politicking apparatuses and slogans . . . Zionism today? An ideological
bric-a-brac where anyone, right, left or centre, secular, traditionalist or
integrist, can find something to justify their passions of the moment.
Israel has well and truly entered the post-Zionist era'. [1] Naturally, that
does not mean a sudden enlightenment has descended on Israeli public
opinion. The slow modification of Zionist faith in its original form, as a
genuine salvationist nationalism, has often left behind something worse-a
sub-ideological racism, filled with hostility and contempt for Arabs. But
this sump of prejudices, gathering beneath the hollowed-out, decaying trunk
of official doctrines, is much less easy to trumpet round the world as a
mission statement of Israel's existence than the original Zionist message.
Those who think that Israel's international position is as strong as ever,
as Perry Anderson has argued in this journal, are greatly mistaken. [2]
However relentlessly biased the editorial or opinion pages of the leading
American-or, to a somewhat lesser extent, European-press, not to speak of
newscasts, may be, the days when the legitimacy of the Palestinian right to
national sovereignty could be completely ignored have passed. Many ordinary
Europeans and Americans no longer accept the notion that Israel enjoys some
special moral status, which makes its policies of dispossession and
assassination pardonable. The occupying power still has its imperial
protectors abroad. But in the court of world opinion it has grown more
isolated, and Israelis know it.

That is what explains the desperate expedients to which its friends in the
United States have resorted, as they thrash about in search of a way to
extricate Israel from the impasse of its attempts to suppress the new
Intifida. Edward Luttwak, of the Centre for Strategic and International
Studies, exulted in 'the display of uniquely advanced military capabilities'
by Israel that allowed the IDF to decapitate Mustafa Zibri in Ramallah and
murder scores more Palestinian leaders at will. [3] Graham Fuller, former
Vice-Chairman of the National Intelligence Council at the CIA, urged the
construction-literally-of a Berlin Wall round the occupied territories,
patrolled from within by 'international forces', to incarcerate the
Palestinians. [4] Thomas Friedman, star columnist of the New York Times,
opined that 'the only solution may be for Israel and the US [sic] to invite
NATO to occupy the West Bank and Gaza and set up a NATO-run Palestinian
state, à la Kosovo and Bosnia'. [5] What all these brutal and senseless
schemes betrayed was a fear that Israel was losing. A real Palestinian
leadership would have known how to expose this. The appalling events of
September 11th, however, will now doubtless reconfigure the political
geography of the Muslim and Arab worlds in unforeseen and dangerous new
ways-for all concerned.

17 September 2001



[1] Elie Barnavi, 'Sionismes', in Elie Barnavi and Saul Friedlander, Les
Juifs et le XXe siècle, Paris 2000, pp. 229-30.

[2] Perry Anderson, 'Scurrying towards Bethlehem', NLR 10, July-August 2001.

[3] 'Israel's Retaliation is on Target', Los Angeles Times, 30 August 2001.

[4] 'Build a Berlin Wall in the Middle East', Los Angeles Times, 14 August
2001.

[5] 'A Way Out of the Middle East Impasse', New York Times, 24 August 2001.